n November 2017 the Technical Normatives about producing spatial datasets on public utility networks was approved and published by National Agency of Cadastre and Land Registration. Romania has undertaken the implementation of INSPIRE, so identifying the best ways to put it into practice is an essential step in the application of these rules. Currently there are developed models for water and sewerage networks, designed both using company software and open source software solutions. From cadastral and urban management viewpoint, it is very important that the utility networks to be correctly and complexly modeled, justifying the importance of presented analysis. Its importance is due to the fact that utilities networks are fundamental parts of the smart city concept, being integrated with the cadastral information. The implementation of concepts that lead to 3D modeling of standards-compliant utilities networks, while also offering open-source access, is a top priority, including at international level. The present article aims to analyze these models by highlighting their current status and defining important aspects.

n our country issues concerning real estate tenure, registration and inventory are still not yet well clarified. Therefore, information about housing stock in order to get localities systematization is needed. The real estate valuation offers the required information about buildings technical inventory and characterization. Furthermore, in the European context related to buildings energy performance, Romanian authorities try to promote measures to increase the buildings energy performance by designing new buildings with low energy consumption, by thermal rehabilitation of existing buildings and by correct information of the building owners / administrators through the energy performance certificate, improving the built-up urban framework and environment protection. Building energy performance should be taken into consideration in real estate valuation. This could improve building affordability for customers, and also improve the dwellings energy performance despite the potential increase in value on the real estate market.

The dam of Mileanca reservoir, located on Podriga river, is an earth dam with a maximum height of 10,08 m, that provides a global retention to the canopy of 11,116 hm3. Mileanca reservoir is one of the hydrotechnical constructions that were build to protect against the floods downstream villages:Mileanca, Draguseni, Havârna, Scutari, Stiubieni, Saveni. Between the years 2008 and 2012 investment works were implemented, under the project „Safety re-inforcement of Mileanca reservoir, located on Podriga River, in Boto?ani county”. The project was set out to build the following works: rehabilitation of dam body (repairs to the concrete tiles on the downstream slope, sealing screen), rehabilitation of the hydromechanical equipments, rehabilitation of the bottom outlet, rehabilitation of the evaccuation channel of the surface outlet, installation of a water management information and warning-alarm system, rehabilitation of the behaviour monitoring system. This paper presents a brief history of the dam in its construction and exploitation phases, focussing on aspects regarding the behaviour monitoring of Podu Iloaiei reservoir during the years 1997-2017.

Abandoned heating plants built in Romania in the communist period still have an impact upon city life even though they are out of use for years. This happens because of the strategic position they have inside the urban neighbourhoods. The current study has the purpose of providing information about the relationship between abandoned heating plants and the physical context that surrounds them in order to help architects, urban planners and local authorities in the process of revitalizing these areas. It is well known and even proven in numerous case studies that abandoned buildings often have a negative influence in the value of adjacent proprieties. Considering the fact that there are very few remaining empty sites in city centers and surrounding areas, the land occupied by these heating plants could have an important value.

Today the state-of-the-art research in entrepreneurship involves the application of both the innovative Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) and the Blockchain data structure to classical economy and (cadastral) management disciplines (i.e. corporate finance, peer-to-peer management, digital marketing, digital cadastral management, etc.). Despite the well known recognition of the importance and the role of the peer-to-peer (P2P) computing in the development of entrepreneurial financial and cadastral management strategies, as well as distributed firms and decentralized companies, there have been just few attempts to apply DLT/Blockchain methodology to financial practices in general; and absolutely no attempts at all to apply this methodology to cadastral related applications in particular. So, a number of hot-red issues have arisen in this field. The purpose of this article is to indicate opportunities for useful applications in the developing field of DLT entrepreneurship research. Hence, this article introduces, describes, evaluates, and documents new sustainable Blockchain functionalities and corporate finance practices for (green) entrepreneurship and sustainable cadastral practices.

Social media risk (cyber security, accounting data privacy) is always an open issue in corporate governance and accounting, particularly today’s after the “Facebook / Cambridge Analytica Scandal”. This is even more important in cadastre and land administration cases where the accounting cadastre data privacy has had many dimensions (economical, psychological, political, historical, etc.). In order to address this problem, the innovative concept “Accounting Cadastre Data Privacy – Social Media Risk, ACDP-SMR” is introduced in this article. Then, the concept is projected in four contexts and became a framework rich in collaborative financial engineering functionalities. Finally, the article discusses, evaluates and reviews the application conceptual model as an intermediate step towards a well-defined and documented accounting and corporate governance social media risk management system, in accordance with the international cyber security standards for accounting data privacy.

n the Greek cadastre the usage of audit analytics is below any expectations according the European and International standards, although internationally internal auditing is increasingly accepted. In order to address this problem, the innovative concept “Cadastre Audit Analytics, CAA” is introduced in this article. Then, the concept is projected in three contexts and became a framework rich in collaborative financial engineering functionalities. Finally, the article discusses the application conceptual model (audit analytics, administrative accounting, and internal auditing) as an intermediate step towards a well-defined and documented accounting, auditing, and corporate governance system, in accordance with the international accounting standards.

The following project contains a topographycal map and a 3D model of a stone quarry, used to renew the exploitation notice. The survey was conducted using a REC ELTA 15s total station using „Free Station” program, combined with GNSS technology to determine topographycal points in the area for georeferencing. The stone quarry is located in Zlatna-Patrângeni area, at JIDOVU peak. The survey was conducted in order to determine the volume of stone material that was eploited in one year and to determine the area of the exploitation site.

his paper addresses two aspects related to the manifestation of the subsidence process on the surface, caused by the exploitation of deposits of useful mineral substances (coal, ores and salt), respectively the analysis of the functional - stochastic model used to determine the displacement and deformation parameters of the surface. Taken into account, was the subject of previous research by the authors. In order to determine the displacement parameters, the rigorously processed repeated measurement method was used.

The analysis of the agricultural land market for a relatively long period (about 20 years) in the Republic of Moldova reveals a major dependence between the value of the land and the social and economic situation in the country. We should note the role of the agricultural land value as the country’s greatest wealth in the implementation of economic policies such as fiscal policy, credit-banking policy, etc. The instability of the increase in the value of agricultural land leads directly to economic and social instability, especially when agriculture is the main branch of the country. The dependence of the agricultural land value on the economic situation in the country is an objective reality. We should identify the factors of influence on value and keep them at the level necessary for the social and economic development. Obviously, this reality creates a series of exploitation conditions, obligations, rules, which then turn into a legal framework and even into the traditions of the nation. In this context, it is important to know the natural potential, the dynamics of the agricultural land value in correlation (dependency) with the factors of influence on it. This research is based on the analysis of agricultural land transactions for the period mentioned above. The analysis period has been selected for several reasons. The main condition was the ability to gather and analyze information. This article doesn’t answer only one question: whether the obvious trends for the Republic of Moldova are equally real in another country with less agrarian economy.

In the past decade, data acquisition possibilities multidimensional were quickly improved method for determining the spatial position, models multi-dimensional objects using panoramic images. The visualization model thus created plays an important role in various applications such as urban planning, documenting cultural heritage and animation, and documenting historic buildings and sites, etc. Multi-dimensional 2D, 3D or 4D models are also a new way of presenting spatial data as a final product for measuring objects in the field.Capturing images and viewing them will soon be a core technology within the geospatial domain. It will not be based on field measurements where individual points are measured and time spent on the ground is lower, increased flexibility but the new results will provide new opportunities and a strong competitive advantage.This article describes an approach using panoramic images captured by V10 Trimble technology to enhance the details and realism of the geospatial data set in order to build 2D, 3D or 4D multi-dimensional models and virtual reality applications.

The implementation of the systematic cadastre is the entire responsibility of the Romanian State, through the National Agency for Cadastre and Real Estate Advertising. The systematic registration works are carried out at the level of a cadastral sector or several cadastral sectors. The cadastral sectors are established by the OCPI together with the City Hall before to the start of the procurement procedure by the Acquirer. The the purpose of the cadastral works is to provide realistic and complete information about the real estate to the interested persons at all times and is finalizing with the registration in the Land book. In order to enroll the real estate in to the Land book, the systematic cadastre refers to: - identification, measurement, description and registration of the real estate in the technical documents of the cadastre, their representation on cadastral plans and the storage of data in digital format;- identification of owners and other holders of real estate for registration in the Land book; - public display of the results obtained after the execution of the systematic cadastre works, the correction of the errors reported by the owners and the opening of a new Land book. At the end of the systematic cadastre works it will be prepared the technical documents of the cadastre: the cadastral register of the real estates, the alphabetical index of the owners of the real right, the cadastral plans and the CGXML files. Through a case study, this paper aims to present the legal framework, the steps and the final documents of systematic cadastre.

The study herein is trying to check at what extent the existent spatial low-resolution points ALS data type (1 point / 4 square meters) used to model the hydrologic risk may also be applied in other smaller hydrographic basines or in other zones prone to hydrologic risk compared to those already modelled according to CE 60/2007 directive. This study analyses the differences between the DEM obtained from ALS data and that obtained by GNSS land measurements (survey). For this purpose, data from different parts of the basin: river bed, river meadow and coastal area and also from other positions from the scanning strip was considfered. The data were compared by using the functions provided by ArcGis. The area submitted to this study is Nicolina river hydrologic basin and the ALS data are those used to model the hydrologic risk maps of the Prut-Barlad river basin

In the century of light and because of the increased speed of collecting, interpreting and storing large volumes of information, we have had to look for adequate storage solutions, both informational and practical. Thus, modern data storage techniques, of small size for increased portability or large size for permanent data storage, have emerged. In this paper, there will be presented storage techniques commonly used by daily users and storage techniques used by specialists in various fields, especially cadastre. Also, will be presented security and data protection strategies, as well as data storage methods.

The paper deals with the 3D modelling based on photos. The target object is an interior space of a church. The photos were taken with a DJI Phantom Advanced UAV. Since the GPS receiver is not available inside buildings, the photos were taken in manual mode. In order to organize the shooting positons into vertical strips, the photos were taken from three different stations from different vertical positions. The 3D model was built with AgiSoft PhotoScan software. The camera calibration was carried out prior the processing to ensure a higher accuracy. The scale of the model was setup by reference distances and points. The experiments showed us, that the created model is suitable not only for demonstration and artistic purposes, but for engineering measurements as well.

Due to industrial and human activities, in the last decades there has been a depletion of fossil fuels. Therefore, a general development regarding the use of renewable energies appeared. In Romania, different initiatives at national, regional and local level on the application of solar energy have started to be supported by photovoltaic systems. In this paper, Alba County of Romania is analysed from the solar energy point of view using a geographical information system model. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the areas in which solar energy can contribute to a sustainable region.

Regional sustainability was recognized as one key issue connecting urban to national sustainability. The developments have however emphasized that beside wanted effects of technological progress, undesired negative effects can appear. Some scenarios for the future regional development estimate that by 2050 regions will gain more self-administra-tion and development competence in the context of the own countries. In this regard technical and economic fields should be taken into account in connection to the social one, where special attention has to be paid to the field of cartography. This is becoming more relevant regarding assuring regional sustainability because of the need of land property clarifications. Without maps, people would hardly be space oriented and the knowledge about spatial relations and objects locations in space is a first condition for assuring a successful economic development. In the last time the scientific level in cartography has been strongly developed, so that maps can be currently automatically derived from geo-data acquisition methods and presented in a range of forms, from maps on mobile phones to augmented reality presenta-tions. In this paper some cartography targets will be debated for getting sustainable regions

The systematic cadastral works are carried out on the whole ATU (Administrativ Territorial Unit) or on cadastral sectors. In this paper we refer to the implementation of the systematic cadastre on the whole ATU. The basis of the work is the Order of the General Director of the National Agency for Cadastre and Real Estate Publicity (ANCPI) no. 533/2016, published in the Official Gazette Part I no. 362/11 May 2016. There are also provisions on this type of work in Law no. 7/1996 (Law of the Cadastre and Real Estate Publicity) and in Order no. 700/2014 of GD of ANCPI. Within OGD 533/2016 we consider that many of the provisions regarding the verification and reception of works leave room for interpretation. It is not clear what error or mistake is, repeatedly mentioned as reasons for rejection of the work. We consider that it is strictly necessary to define them clearly and without interpretation.

New technologies and innovations are emerging in ways that will fundamentally disrupt some of the most important economic sectors. The development of geospatial technologies and remote sensing offers tremendous potential, allowing complex processing and analysis, at a large scale, to be deployed in timely manner. This paper presents the challenges and opportunities we are currently facing when conducting aeronautical studies and how crucial location element is for maintaining operations on aerodromes safe and efficient. Utilizing high resolution imagery and geospatial big data analytics products on a leading cloud-based platform, with a comprehensive image library of over 100 petabytes, ensures performance in providing aeronautical data of the highest quality.

“Children’s participation” has become increasingly popular the last decades worldwide. Research on children’s participation argues for active involvement of children in decisions that affect them, their environment and their lives. There is little evidence of research data that the use of ICT design tools generates children’s innovative ideas in a participatory school project. This article focuses on the use of the adapted Tux Paint software to stimulate primary school children’s creativity in producing designs for their schoolyard. The adapted Tux Paint proved to be a dynamic, flexible, and innovative participatory tool that involved creative design activities and encouraged positive social interaction. Itprovided children with a creative and fun opportunity for exploration, free expression and learning.

This conceptual paper aims to present a critical commentary analysis of the introduction of a Corporate Registry with spatial, cadastre, and corporate social responsibilities (CSR) functionalities. In particular, this paper shortly reviews the UNGP and OECD ethic principles for advancing CSR and challenges conventional thinking, reporting, and practice on CSR spatial and cadastre disclosure. Then, this article, proposes possible developments to existing CSR reporting frameworks, by incorporating metadata structures with regard to space (location), to cadastre (law descriptive data), to adverse human rights impact functionalities, and finally to personalized interpretation and adaptive implementation of those UNGP principles related to CSR. Finally, the process of transferring, in the future, from today’s soft-law ethic Corporate Principles to sustainable, hard-law, executive, personalized, and adaptive Corporate Law Standards for practical and effective protection of human rights by establishing a common, global, and flexible Corporate Registry with a number of spatial, cadastre and CSR functionalities on companies’ corporate and CSR spatial and cadastre disclosure is discussed

Nowadays, property management with DLT / Blockchain functionalities is a state-of-the-art topic. In particular, the real (land) property law is based upon two country-oriented concepts: “(Compulsory) Expropriation” and “due Compensation” as they projected to the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). This assignment after reviewing the compulsory expropriation of real property and the relative due compensation procedures in Greece, discusses: (a) cases before the Greek courts regarding violations and adaptations of the ECHR, and (b) real property management with Blockchain functionalities as a Distributed Ledger (DLT) technology. For this purpose, after introducing the compulsory expropriation procedure in Greece, a number of properly formulated questions (“What is the legal protection against the expropriation of real property?”; “Is it permitted expropriation extension to nearby properties?”; “Is it possible expropriation without compensation?”; and “Is it allowed revocation & lifted ipso jure of a concluded compulsory expropriation?”) are discussed, reviewed, answered, and projected both to ECHR and to upcoming DLT/Blockchain era.

The paper addresses a current issue related to the agricultural land relations of the Republic of Moldova. The analysis of the current stage of situation proves the priority of the private property in the agricultural land belonging to the legal forms of organization in comparison with the areas of the leased agricultural lands. Land relations reform in agriculture aimed at the privatization of land and other agricultural goods and implementation of market land relations. Agriculture in the Republic of Moldova is dominated by several legal forms of organization based on both associative and individual principles. Each of these forms requires a separate study. The paper is focused on the main legal forms of organization and namely: private limited companies (Ltd) and peasant (farmer type) farms. Agriculture is an area in which the legal forms of organization have been most influenced by the process of land reform. The reform has changed the economic essence of the production process in agriculture - the property. International experience in this field has demonstrated the effectiveness and priority of the agricultural farms’ potential based on individual principles, especially those of a family type. The study proves the interaction between property rights and process of agriculture intensification through investments, especially those aimed at the development of vineyard and orchard plantations.